Hwan na ɔbɔɔ roulette? Roulette mfitiaseɛ
Ntwahonan ahodoɔ pii, din baako, kuro bi a awieeɛ no ɛkyerɛw too hɔ.
Nkrataa biara nkyerɛ onipa a ɔyɛɛ roulette. Agorɔ no sɛdeɛ yɛnim no ɛnnɛ no da adi wɔ Paris wɔ afeha a ɛtɔ so 18 awieeɛ, na ɛde ntwahonan a ɛkyini a ɛfiri agorɔ a edi kan mu ne bɛt nhyehyɛe a ɛfiri Italy ne Engiresi ɛpono agorɔ mu bɔ mu.
Nananom
Agorɔ mmiɛnsa a edi kan na ɛde fa biara baeɛ. Engiresi E.O. (“even-odd”) ntwahonan a ɛfiri 1740 mfeɛ no mu no wɔ ntwahonan a ɛkyini a ɛwɔ ntokurunneɛma a wɔde diTokuruRotor no so tokuru 37 a nɔma wom no mu baako. Wɔfrɛ no nso slot, cup.Kenkan ne nyinaa → aduanan a wɔahyɛ ho agyiraeɛ E anaa O ne bɔɔlnneɛma a wɔde diBɔɔlBɔɔl ketewa a wɔto no ma ɛtu mmirika wɔ ne kwan mu tia rotor no. Ɛnnɛ bɔɔl yɛ ivorine anaa Teflon, 18–21 mm.Kenkan ne nyinaa → a wɔto tia no; wɔbaraa wɔn wɔ 1745 mu, nanso wɔkɔɔ so dii. Roly-poly, Engiresi agorɔ bi a edi kan, nso te saa ara. Italy sika agorɔ biribi, a wɔka sɛ ɛhyɛɛ aseɛ wɔ Genoa bɛyɛ 1750 na wɔfrɛ no cavagnole wɔ Franse no, de pon a nɔma 70 wɔ so a agorɔfoɔ to bɛt wɔ so ne kotokuo a wɔyi nɔma baako fi mu dii dwuma; nɔma a edi nkonim no tua bɛt sika no mmɔho 64, bɛt sika no ka ho (63 tia 1), enti sika sie wura no kora kyɛfasikaKyɛfaBɛt sika a ɛwɔ ase a nhyehyɛe anaa agorɔfoɔ de yɛ adwuma. Wɔka bɛt nsakraeɛ ntoatoasoɔ ho asɛm wɔ kyɛfa mu sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛfata ɛpono biara.Kenkan ne nyinaa → 6 wɔ kyɛfa 70 biara a wɔde too bɛt mu, mfasoɔ a ɛyɛ 8.57%. Casanova, a ɔdii wɔ 1760 mfeɛ no mu no, frɛɛ no nnaadaafoɔ agorɔ, na Franse baraa no wɔ 1837. Ɛde nɔma bɛt nhyehyɛenneɛma a wɔde diBɛt nhyehyɛeBɛt nhyehyɛe a wɔatintim wɔ ɛpono no so. Wɔfrɛ no nso ɛpono, ntoma, felt.Kenkan ne nyinaa → a ne akatuasikaAkatuaDeɛ bɛt a edi nkonim de ma, a wɔka no sɛ “X tia 1” ka bɛt sika a ɛsan ba no ho.Kenkan ne nyinaa → kɔ soro adwene no baeɛ. Hoca, a wɔdii wɔ Franse ahemfie wɔ 1600 mfeɛ no mu no, wɔ nɔma aduasa ne kasino mfasoɔakontaabuKasino mfasoɔBɛt sika biara mu kyɛfa a kasino no kora wɔ mfinimfini mu: 2.70% wɔ Yuropu roulette mu.Kenkan ne nyinaa → a egyina ntokuru a wɔde asie ama kasino no so. Wɔn mu biara nyɛ roulette; nanso wɔn nyinaa bom yɛ n'awofoɔ.
Hoca wɔ Franse ahemfie: nɔma aduasa, kasino ntokuru. Louis XIV baraa no, nanso wɔkɔɔ so dii.
Biribi wɔ Italy ne Franse: pon a nɔma wɔ so, nɔma a wɔyi fi kotokuo mu, akatua kɛseɛ.
E.O. ntwahonan wɔ Engiresi agorɔ adan mu: ntwahonan a ɛkyini, bɔɔl, ɛkyɛ pɛ anaa ɛnkyɛ pɛ. Wɔbaraa no 1745.
Paris de ntwahonan ne nɔma bɛt nhyehyɛe bɔ mu. 0 ne 00 nyinaa yɛ kasino ntokuru.
Palais-Royal agorɔ a Lablée anansesɛm nwoma (1801) kyerɛkyerɛ mu yie ma wohunu no.
Ɛhe na wɔyɛɛ roulette? Paris, ansa na 1796 reduru
Anansesɛm nwoma La Roulette, ou le Jour a Jaques Lablée kyerɛwee na wɔtintimii wɔ 1801 no kyerɛkyerɛ ntwahonan bi a ɛwɔ Palais-Royal wɔ 1796 mu: nɔma 1 kɔsi 36, hweentwahonanHweeTokuru ahabammono baako a sika pɛ bɛt, dumienu kuo bɛt anaa santen tee bɛt biara nkata so; kasino mfasoɔ fibea. Wɔfrɛ no nso hwee baako, 0.Kenkan ne nyinaa → kɔkɔɔbɛtKɔkɔɔSika pɛ bɛt wɔ nɔma kɔkɔɔ 18 no so. Franse kasa mu: rouge.Kenkan ne nyinaa → ne hwee mmienuroulette ahodoɔHwee mmienuAmerika ntwahonan no 00 tokuru. Ɛno nti kasino mfasoɔ kɔ soro firi 2.70% kosi 5.26%.Kenkan ne nyinaa → tuntumbɛtTuntumSika pɛ bɛt wɔ nɔma tuntum 18 no so. Franse kasa mu: noir.Kenkan ne nyinaa → a wɔde asie ama kasino no, ne bɛt nhyehyɛe a emu bɛt ne abɔnten bɛtbɛtAbɔnten bɛtBɛt a wɔto wɔ adaka a atwa nɔma nhyehyɛe no ho ahyia so: dumienu kuo, santen tee ne sika pɛ bɛt.Kenkan ne nyinaa → wom bɛyɛ sɛdeɛ ɛte ɛnnɛ. Ɛno ne nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi kan a ɛyɛ pɛ, na ɛyɛ ɛnnɛ agorɔ no dedaw. Na Palais-Royal yɛ Paris sika agorɔ mantam, a wɔma no tumi krataa na wɔgye toɔ, kɔsi sɛ 1837 bara no piaa agorɔ no kɔɔ Germany nsuo hyeɛ nkuro mu.
Bad Homburg ne kasino ahodoɔ a ɛwɔ nsuo hyeɛ ayaresabea nkuro muEmu bɛt ne abɔnten bɛt wɔ roulette mu
Din no
Roulette kyerɛ “ntwahonan ketewa” wɔ Franse kasa mu. Na wɔde asɛmfua no frɛ ntwahonan agorɔ foforɔ ansa na ɛtenaa saa deɛ yi so: mmara bi a ɛfiri 1758 ma New France, Franse asase a ɛwɔ St Lawrence ho no, baraa “dice, hoca, faro ne roulette” dedaw, sɛdeɛ Shelley (1988) ka no, nanso ɛnkyerɛ sɛdeɛ saa roulette no te. Engiresi nkrataa a edi kan mu no, ɛtɔ da a wɔfrɛ agorɔ no “roulet” anaa wɔka sɛ ɛyɛ “Franse E.O.”. Ansa na 1820 mfeɛ no reduru no, na “roulette” kyerɛ agorɔ baako pɔtee wɔ Yuropu baabiara.
Hwee mmienu no
Paris ntwahonan a edi kan no wɔ 0 ne 00 nyinaa, a ɛno maa kasino no mfasoɔ 5.26% wɔ ntwahonan a ɛwɔ ntokuru 38 so. Hwee baako ntwahonan no yɛ adwadie gyinaeɛ a Blanc anuanom no sii wɔ Bad Homburg wɔ 1843, de twee agorɔfoɔ firii nsuo hyeɛ nkuro afoforɔ a wɔne wɔn di akan mu. Amerika ntwahonan no kɔɔ so de hwee mmienu no ara, ɛfiri sɛ na agorɔ no aduru Amerika ansa na nsakraeɛ no reba, na obiara nni hɔ a ɔne no di akan a anka ɛsɛ sɛ ɔtew ne boɔ so. Amerika ntwahonan a edi kan bi kɔɔ akyiri koraa: bɛt nhyehyɛe bi a ɛfiri afeha a ɛtɔ so 19 wɔ nɔma 1 kɔsi 28 nko ara ne 0, 00 ne ɔkɔdeɛ, ɛtua nɔma baako 1 ma 27, mfasoɔ a ɛyɛ 12.90%, na ɛgye 9.68% wɔ ne santen teebɛtSanten teeNɔma dumienu a ɛwɔ bɛt nhyehyɛe no santen tee baako mu, akatua 2:1.Kenkan ne nyinaa → ne kɔla so. Ɛantena hɔ nkyɛ.
Deɛ enti a ɛtrɛtrɛeɛ
Roulette nhia nyansa biara, ɛwie simma biara, na ɛma agorɔfoɔ dodoɔ biara to bɛt bere korɔ mu tia kasino a ɛrentumi nhwere bere tenten mu. Ma kasino wura no, ɛyɛ agorɔ pa: ɛyɛ ntɛm, ɛnyɛ den, ɛtumi trɛ, na ɛde mfasoɔ ba wɔ ɔkwan a wɔnim so. Ma aban no, wotumi gye ho toɔ. Agorɔ no dii sika ne tumi krataa akyi fi Paris kɔɔ Homburg, kɔɔ Monaco, kɔɔ baabiara.
Roulette wɔ Monte CarloAhyiaeɛ wɔ bere tenten mu: dodoɔ kɛseɛ mmara wɔ roulette mu
Deɛ ɛnsesaeɛ
Bɛt nhyehyɛe no, akatua no (36/n − 1), agorɔ mprɛ biara nhyehyɛe a ɛnsesa ne dila no dwuma, ɛyɛ pɛ wɔ Lablée nkyerɛkyerɛmu mu ne live video a ɛwɔ hɔ ɛnnɛ mu. Ntwahonan so nɔma nhyehyɛe no, akwansideɛnneɛma a wɔde diAkwansideɛDadeɛ akwansideɛ a ɛwɔ ɔfa a ɛsian no so no mu baako a ɛbɔ bɔɔl a ɛretɔ no ma ɛhwete. Wɔfrɛ no nso canoe, diamond, pin.Kenkan ne nyinaa → no ne ntamu bannneɛma a wɔde diNtamu banDadeɛ ban a ɛtwa ntokuru mmienu ntam wɔ ntwahonan no so.Kenkan ne nyinaa → a ɛyɛ tiaa no yɛ afeha a ɛtɔ so 19 nkɔsoɔ a wɔde tiaa agorɔfoɔ a na wɔasua sɛdeɛ wɔhwɛ bɔɔl no. Hwee baako no nko ara ne nsakraeɛ a ɛkaa odds no, na ɛmaa ɛyɛɛ papa.
Nsɛmmisa
Ɔyɛɛ ntwahonan a ɛkyini ho nhwehwɛmu wɔ 1650 mfeɛ no mu wɔ nneɛma foforɔ enti. Sɛ wɔde ma no a, ɛyɛ atetesɛm, ɛnyɛ nkrataa so adansedie. Hwɛ ne krataafa.
Wɔmaa no tumi krataa wɔ Palais-Royal kɔsi 1837, afei wɔbaraa no kɔsi 1907, bere a wɔsan maa kasino ahodoɔ kwan wɔ nsuo hyeɛ ne mpoano nkuro mu.
Sɛdeɛ kɔla bɛsesa pɛpɛɛpɛ na soro/fam nɔma ne nɔma a ɛkyɛ pɛ/ɛnkyɛ pɛ bɛtrɛ mu. Wɔsii nhyehyɛe pɔtee no so gyinaeɛ wɔ afeha a ɛtɔ so 19 mu na ɛnsesaeɛ.
Akontaabu ho anigyeɛ
Di kan yɛ eyinom ara wo ho. Wɔakata mmuaeɛ biara so; sɛ woasiesie wo ho a, bue no.
Biribi san tuaa 1 ma 64 wɔ nɔma baako wɔ 70 mu so, a bɛt sika no ka ho: 63 tia 1. Kasino mfasoɔ bɛn ne no? Sɛ anka ɛde bɛt bi a ɛwɔ nɔma mmienu so maeɛ a, akatuasikaAkatuaDeɛ bɛt a edi nkonim de ma, a wɔka no sɛ “X tia 1” ka bɛt sika a ɛsan ba no ho.Kenkan ne nyinaa → bɛn na anka ɛbɛkora kasino mfasoɔ korɔ no ara?
Kyerɛ mmuaeɛ no
Mmuaeɛ Kasino mfasoɔ no yɛ 6/70, 8.57%. Nɔma mmienu bɛt bɛtua 31 tia 1, nɔma mua.
Nɔma baako di nkonim prɛko wɔ twe 70 mu na ɛtua kyɛfasikaKyɛfaBɛt sika a ɛwɔ ase a nhyehyɛe anaa agorɔfoɔ de yɛ adwuma. Wɔka bɛt nsakraeɛ ntoatoasoɔ ho asɛm wɔ kyɛfa mu sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛfata ɛpono biara.Kenkan ne nyinaa → 63; twe 69 a aka no hwere 1: (63 − 69)/70 = −6/70, kasino mfasoɔ 8.57%. Sɛ yɛka no ɔkwan foforɔ so a, sikakorabea no san tua 64 wɔ baabi a agorɔ a ɛyɛ pɛakontaabuAgorɔ a ɛyɛ pɛAgorɔ a afa biara nni mfasoɔ: bɛt biara boɔ a wɔhwɛ kwan yɛ hwee.Kenkan ne nyinaa → bɛtua 70.
Nɔma mmienu bɛt wɔ x tia 1 di nkonim mprɛ mmienu wɔ twe 70 mu: kyɛfa 2x a wonya tia 68 a wohwere, boɔ a wɔhwɛ kwanakontaabuBoɔ a wɔhwɛ kwanNsunsuansoɔ mfinimfini boɔ wɔ bɛt biara so wɔ bere tenten mu. Bɛt sika no −1/37 wɔ Yuropu bɛt biara a ɛyɛ daa deɛ so.Kenkan ne nyinaa → (2x − 68)/70. Ma 2x − 68 = −6: x = 31. Ɛno yɛ 1 ma 32, 64 fa.
Biribi akatua di 1 ma 64/n so, na 64 kyɛ mu fa pɛpɛɛpɛ ma nɔma 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 ne 32, enti saa bɛt no ba mua. Roulette 36 kyɛ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 ne 36 mu, a ɛfata bɛt nhyehyɛenneɛma a wɔde diBɛt nhyehyɛeBɛt nhyehyɛe a wɔatintim wɔ ɛpono no so. Wɔfrɛ no nso ɛpono, ntoma, felt.Kenkan ne nyinaa → a ɛwɔ santen a biara wɔ mmiɛnsa.
Biribi nɔma 70, a wɔahyehyɛ wɔ santen mu no, gyaw kwan maa nɔma mmiɛnsa bɛt ɛnan. Sɛdeɛ mmara a ɛwɔ nɔma baako kasino mfasoɔ 8.57% akyi no kyerɛ no, ɛsɛ sɛ nɔma mmiɛnsa bɛt tua sɛn? Akatua mua a ɛbɛn no boɔ bɛyɛ sɛn?
Kyerɛ mmuaeɛ no
Mmuaeɛ 20⅓ tia 1. Sɛ ɛtua 20 tia 1 a, ne boɔ bɛyɛ 10%; sɛ ɛtua 21 tia 1 a, 5.71%.
Mmara a ɛwɔ asɛmmisa a ɛwɔ soro no mu: bɛt a ɛwɔ nɔma n so san tua 1 ma 64/n. Nɔma mmiɛnsa deɛ, ɛno yɛ 64/3 = 21⅓ a ɛsan ba, anaa 20⅓ tia 1, a agorɔ sikasikaAgorɔ sikaAdeɛ a ɛgyina hɔ ma sika dodoɔ bi a ɛnsesa, a wode to bɛt nhyehyɛe no so de to bɛt. Wɔfrɛ no nso check.Kenkan ne nyinaa → biara rentumi ntua.
Nɔma mmiɛnsa bɛt wɔ x tia 1 di nkonim mprɛ 3 wɔ twe 70 mu na ɛhwere mprɛ 67: boɔ a wɔhwɛ kwan (3x − 67)/70. Wɔ 20 tia 1 no: −7/70, 10%. Wɔ 21 tia 1 no: −4/70, 5.71%.
Sɛ wotew so kyɛfa mmiɛnsa mu baako a, ɛgye agorɔfoɔ no bɛyɛ nkyɛmu baako ne fa; sɛ woma ɛkɔ soro a, ɛsan de bɛyɛ nkyɛmu mmiɛnsa ma. Aduasa nsia, a ɛkyɛ nɔma pii mu no, gye roulette fi saa nkyɛmu yi mu wɔ bɛt biara so gye Amerika nɔma enum bɛt no.
Mfeɛ ɔha a ɛtɔ so 19 ɔkɔdeɛ ntwahonan no wɔ ntokurunneɛma a wɔde diTokuruRotor no so tokuru 37 a nɔma wom no mu baako. Wɔfrɛ no nso slot, cup.Kenkan ne nyinaa → 31, 1 kosi 28 ne 0, 00 ne ɔkɔdeɛ, na ɛtuaa 1 ma 27 wɔ nɔma baako so. Ne santen teebɛtSanten teeNɔma dumienu a ɛwɔ bɛt nhyehyɛe no santen tee baako mu, akatua 2:1.Kenkan ne nyinaa → ne kɔla bɛt boɔ yɛ 9.68%. Ɛsɛ sɛ nɔma ɛnan bɛt tua sɛn, “1 ma X”, na ne boɔ ayɛ pɛ?
Kyerɛ mmuaeɛ no
Mmuaeɛ 1 ma 7, a ne boɔ yɛ 3/31 = 9.68%.
Bɛt a ɛtua 1 ma X no san de kyɛfa X ba, a bɛt sika no ka ho, sɛ edi nkonim a. Nɔma ɛnan bɛt di nkonim mprɛ 4 wɔ 31 mu, enti ɛsan de kyɛfa 4X ba ma 31 biara a wɔde to bɛt mu: boɔ a wɔhwɛ kwan (4X − 31)/31.
Wɔ 1 ma 7 no, ɛyɛ −3/31, 9.68%, sɛ santen tee ne kɔla no pɛ. Wɔ 1 ma 8 no, ɛbɛyɛ +1/31, mfasoɔ ma agorɔfoɔ no. Enti ɔkɔdeɛ ntwahonan no mmara yɛ (28 − n)/n tia 1, kasino ntokuru mmiɛnsa wɔ 31 mu.
Serew kakra
Engiresi ntwahonan, Italy bɛt nhyehyɛe, Franse din, hwee mmienu.
Nsɛm fibea
- Lablée, J. La Roulette, ou le Jour.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette.
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.
- Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, 4th ed.