Nkekaho · Nwoma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokenkan · simma 8

Roulette ho nwoma: nwoma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokenkan

Roulette nwoma ne nkrataa a saa wɛbsaet yi gyina so, ne dodoɔ yɛ aduonu mmienu, efi nhwehwɛmu nwoma a ɛfa deɛ wɔhwɛ kwan ho a ɛfiri 1657 kɔsi adesua nwoma a ɛfiri 2025, a kasasin baako ka biara ho de kyerɛ deɛ enti a ɛho hia.

Mmuaeɛ tiawa

Akontaabu (Huygens, Bernoulli, Halmos, Feller, Thorp, Epstein, Ethier, ne Bollman, Taylor ne Hunacek adesua nwoma foforɔ), abakɔsɛm (Lablée, Barnhart, Schwartz, Kavanagh, Marcus, Goldman), nneɛma su nimdeɛ (Bass, Small & Tse) ne anansesɛm nwoma baako a ɛyɛ papa sene ne nyinaa (Dostoevsky). Biribiara a ɛwɔ saa wɛbsaet yi so gyina saa nwoma dua yi so.

deɛ ɛyɛ dada sene biara
Huygens, 1657
deɛ ɛyɛ foforɔ sene biara
Hunacek, 2025
nwoma baako a ɛyɛ papa sene biara
Ethier, 2010
anansesɛm nwoma a ɛyɛ papa sene biara
The Gambler, 1866

Akontaabu

nwomaafedeɛ enti a ɛsɛ sɛ wokenkan
Huygens, De Ratiociniis in Ludo Aleae1657nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi kan a wɔtintimii a ɛfa deɛ wɔhwɛ kwan ho; baabi a EV fi baeɛ
Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi1713dodoɔ kɛseɛ mmara, a nhyehyɛe ahodoɔ nte ase yie
Halmos, “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations”1939adansedie a edi kan a ɛkata ne nyinaa so a ɛkyerɛ sɛ bɛt nhyehyɛe biara nsesa nsunsuansoɔ a wɔhwɛ kwan
Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory, vol. 11968sika agorɔfoɔ sɛeɛ, anammɔn a ɛba kwa, ntoatoasoɔ; nwoma a obiara de hwɛ nsɛm mu
Thorp, “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games”1969bere a bɛt nhyehyɛe betumi aboa (agorɔ a ɛyɛ ma wo mu nko ara) ne nneɛma a ɛwɔ “nhyehyɛe biara nyɛ adwuma” nsunsuansoɔ no akyi
Thorp, The Mathematics of Gambling1984roulette kɔmputa no ho asɛm a deɛ ɔyɛeɛ no ankasa ka, ne akontaabu a ɛkyerɛ sika dodoɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wode to bɛt mu wɔ mfasoɔ bi so
Epstein, The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic2013 (ntintimiiɛ a ɛtɔ so 2)kasino agorɔ biara ho nhwehwɛmu; roulette ne ne ho nsɛm
Ethier, The Doctrine of Chances2010roulette ho akontaabu nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛyɛ pɛ sene biara a wɔatintim
Bollman, Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games2021ntoaso bɛt, ntwahonan a ɛyɛ soronko ne kaad roulette a wɔbu emu biara boɔ, ne nsɔhwɛ
Taylor, Games, Gambling, and Probability2021 (ntintimiiɛ a ɛtɔ so 2)ntoatoasoɔ, Kelly bɛt ne sika agorɔfoɔ sɛeɛ a wɔayɛ no sɛ adesua
Bollman, Basic Gambling Mathematics2024 (ntintimiiɛ a ɛtɔ so 2)kasino dawurubɔ akyɛdeɛ ne sika a wɔsan de ma, ne sɛdeɛ nsunsuansoɔ pon tua ne ka ntɛm ma kasino no
Hunacek, Quantitative Literacy Through Games and Gambling2025adesua a edi kan a ɛyɛ mmerɛ; hwɛ n'asɛm a ɛka sɛ bɛt biara boɔ a wɔhwɛ kwan yɛ pɛ no mu, ɛfiri sɛ nɔma enum bɛt no bu so

Abakɔsɛm

nwomaafedeɛ enti a ɛsɛ sɛ wokenkan
Lablée, La Roulette, ou le Jour1801agorɔ no nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi kan a ɛyɛ pɛ, wɔ anansesɛm nwoma mu
Barnhart, Beating the Wheel1983ntwahonan animhwɛ agorɔ abakɔsɛm: Jagger, wɔn a wɔdii Pelayo abusua no anim, akwan
Schwartz, Roll the Bones2006sika agorɔ abakɔsɛm nyinaa; roulette gyinabea wɔ mu
Kavanagh, Dice, Cards, Wheels2005Franse sika agorɔ amammerɛ; Palais-Royal ne nsuo hyeɛ nkuro
Marcus, American Roulette2003bɛt a wɔto akyire (past-posting) a deɛ ɔyɛ no a agye din sene biara kyerɛkyerɛ mu fi mu
Goldman, Great Gambling Scams2007Leigh wɔ Nice, Marcus ne Ritz a wɔsan ka; ɛyɛ dɛ, nanso ɛfom wɔ nsɛm pii mu (hwɛ Nnaadaa wɔ roulette mu)

Nneɛma su nimdeɛ ne mfasoɔ agorɔ

nwomaafedeɛ enti a ɛsɛ sɛ wokenkan
Bass, The Eudaemonic Pie1985mpaboa mu kɔmputa ho asɛm; nwoma a ɛyɛ papa sene biara a ɛma ɔmanfoɔ te roulette nneɛma su ase
Small & Tse, “Predicting the outcome of roulette”2012nkɔmhyɛ ho nneɛma su a wɔasusu; deɛ mfasoɔ bi hia
Pearson, “On the criterion…”1900chi-square sɔhwɛ, a wɔde roulette kyinhyia kyerɛɛ

Roulette ntwahonan ho nyansahu

Anansesɛm nwoma no

Dostoevsky, The Gambler (1866). Ɔkyerɛwfoɔ bi a roulette de ka kɛseɛ abɔ no na ɔkyerɛw wɔ nna 26 mu de dii nwoma tintimfoɔ bi apam bere so; sika agorɔfoɔ adwene mfomsoɔ, nhyehyɛe, akɔnnɔ a ɛhyɛ obi so ne nsuo hyeɛ kasino a wɔkyerɛkyerɛ mu fi mu. Ɛyɛ tiawa sene roulette nwoma biara a ɛwɔ soro hɔ na ne nokorɛ boro wɔn mu dodoɔ no ara so.

Bad Homburg ne kasino ahodoɔ a ɛwɔ nsuo hyeɛ ayaresabea nkuro muRoulettenburg a Dostoevsky kyerɛw ho asɛm

Roulette nwoma a ɛyɛ papa sene biara ma botaeɛ biara

Akontaabu deɛ, Ethier na afei Feller. Nsɛm deɛ, Barnhart ne Bass. Deɛ enti a nnipa di agorɔ no ara, Dostoevsky. Adansedie a ɛde nhyehyɛe ho akyinnyegye biara ba awieeɛ no, Halmos, na nsunsuansoɔ korɔ no ara wɔ kasa a ɛnyɛ den mu no, Thorp nwoma a ɛfiri 1984. Nsɔhwɛ deɛ, Taylor anaa Bollman. Fiase adaka a ɛwɔ asɛm biara ase wɔ saa wɛbsaet yi so no fa nsɛm fi saa nwoma dua yi so.

Nsɛmmisa

Roulette ɔkwan ho nwoma pa bi wɔ hɔ anaa?

Biribiara nni hɔ a ɛtɔn nhyehyɛe. Thorp nwoma a ɛfiri 1984 no wɔ ti tiawa bi a ɛkyerɛ deɛ enti a wɔnyɛ adwuma; Epstein ne Ethier kyerɛkyerɛ emu biara su mu.

Ɛhe na metumi akenkan Pearson anaa Huygens?

Wɔn mmienu nyinaa tumi krataa aba awieeɛ na wɔwɔ intanɛt so. Pearson deɛ ɛyɛ den; Huygens deɛ ɛyɛ tiawa na ɛyɛ nwonwa sɛ ɛnyɛ den kenkan wɔ nkyerɛaseɛ mu.

Serew kakra

Biribiara a ɛwɔ saa wɛbsaet yi so yɛ saa nwoma dua yi ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu ketewa.

Biribiara a ɛwɔ saa wɛbsaet yi so yɛ saa nwoma dua yi ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu ketewa.

Nsɛm fibea

  1. Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling. Springer, 2010. Ti 13, roulette.
  2. Feller, W. An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, Vol. 1. Wiley, 3rd ed., 1968. Gambler’s ruin, ti XIV.
  3. Halmos, P. R. “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations: the mathematical theory of gambling systems.” Duke Mathematical Journal 5(2), 1939.
  4. Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.” Review of the International Statistical Institute 37(3), 1969.
  5. Thorp, E. O. The Mathematics of Gambling. Gambling Times / Lyle Stuart, 1984.
  6. Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie. Houghton Mifflin, 1985.
  7. Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel. Lyle Stuart, 1983.
  8. Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette. CRC Press, 2021. Ti 2, roulette.
  9. Bollman, M. Basic Gambling Mathematics: The Numbers Behind the Neon, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2024.
  10. Taylor, D. G. Games, Gambling, and Probability: An Introduction to Mathematics, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2021.
  11. Hunacek, M. Quantitative Literacy Through Games and Gambling. Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2025.
  12. Marcus, R. American Roulette: How I Turned the Odds Upside Down. St. Martin’s Press, 2003.
  13. Goldman, N. Great Gambling Scams. John Blake, 2007.
Fa yɛn hoNsɛm fibeaAbakɔsɛm ne amammerɛRoulette wɔ nwoma muAbakɔsɛm ne amammerɛRoulette nhyehyɛe ahodoɔ abakɔsɛmAbakɔsɛm ne amammerɛEudaemons kuo no
wɔsan hwɛɛ mu 2026-09-28nhwɛsoɔ: Yuropu, hwee baakoakontaabu ɔkwan ↗nsɛm fibea ↗