Roulette abakɔsɛm
Roulette abakɔsɛm fa nyansahu sɔhwɛ bi a ɛanyɛ yie, Paris agorɔ dan bi, anuanom mmarima mmienu wɔ Germany nsuo hyeɛ kuro bi mu, ne kasino a ɛmaa tokuru ahabammono baako bɛyɛɛ Yuropu gyinapɛn no mu.
Ansa na ntwahonan no reba
- 1654
Pascal ne Fermat: nkyekyɛmu asɛmmisa (problem of points); boɔ a wɔhwɛ kwan.
Roulette boɔ a wɔhwɛ kwan - 1655Ntwahonan a botaeɛ biara nni ho
Blaise Pascal, a na ɔrehwehwɛ afidie a ɛkyini daa a ennyae, yɛɛ ntwahonan a ɛkari pɛ yie a ɛkyini. Afidie no anyɛ yie; ntwahonan no kaa hɔ sɛ adeɛ a ɛkyini a biribi nsiw no kwan, a ɛte sɛ deɛ ɛba kwa.
Blaise Pascal: roulette ntwahonan ho tetesɛm - 1657
Huygens tintim nwoma a edi kan a ɛka deɛ wɔhwɛ kwan ho asɛm.
- 1713
Jakob Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi: dodoɔ kɛseɛ mmara.
Ahyiaeɛ wɔ bere tenten mu: dodoɔ kɛseɛ mmara wɔ roulette mu - 1740 mfeɛ no muRoly-poly ne E.O.
Engiresi agorɔ adan kyini ntwahonan a ntokuru a ɛkyɛ pɛ ne deɛ ɛnkyɛ pɛ wɔ so. Wɔbaraa agorɔ no mpɛn pii, na ɛno maa agorɔ no ahodoɔ kɔɔ Yuropu asase kɛseɛ so.
Hwan na ɔbɔɔ roulette? Roulette mfitiaseɛ - 1754
d’Alembert tintim adwene mfomsoɔ a akyire yi wɔde ne din too nhyehyɛe bi so.
D'Alembert roulette ɔkwan - 1758
New France (Quebec) bara dice, hoca, faro ne “roulette”: ɛyɛ nkrataa a edi kan a ɛkyerɛ saa din yi sɛ sika agorɔ bi din no mu baako.
- 1760 mfeɛ no mu
“Martingale” kɔ Franse kasa nsɛmfua nwoma mu sɛ sika agorɔfoɔ kasa.
Martingale roulette ɔkwan
Agorɔ no
- 1796Paris, Palais-Royal
Jaques Lablée anansesɛm nwoma La Roulette ka ntwahonan bi a kasino ntokuru mmienu, 0 ne 00, wɔ so ho asɛm wɔ agorɔ dan bi a ɛwɔ Palais-Royal mu. Yei ne nkyerɛkyerɛmu nyinaa a edi kan a ɛfa ɛnnɛ agorɔ no ho.
Roulette wɔ nwoma mu - 1800 mfeɛ no mu
Amerika ntwahonan de ɔkɔdeɛ tokuru ka ho: kasino nɔma mmiɛnsa.
Amerika roulette ntwahonan ne mmara - 1837
Franse bara kasino ahodoɔ; agorɔ no tu kɔ Germany nsuo hyeɛ nkuro mu.
- 1841
Blanc anuanom no gye Bad Homburg kasino tumi krataa.
François Blanc - 1843Bad Homburg
François ne Louis Blanc buee kasino bi wɔ Germany nsuo hyeɛ kuro no mu na wɔyii hwee mmienu no firi so. Hwee baako ntwahonan no tew kasino mfasoɔ no mu fa na ɛtwee agorɔfoɔ firi atamfoɔ ahomegyebea ho.
Bad Homburg ne kasino ahodoɔ a ɛwɔ nsuo hyeɛ ayaresabea nkuro mu - 1863Monte Carlo
Bere a wɔabara sika agorɔ wɔ Germany nyinaa no, Blanc gyee kasino a na ɛrehaw wɔ Monaco no. Monte Carlo bɛyɛɛ Yuropu roulette gyinapɛn; hwee baako ne ne nhyehyɛe a ɛtaa ba.
Roulette wɔ Monte Carlo - 1866
Dostoevsky, The Gambler.
Roulettenburg a Dostoevsky kyerɛw ho asɛm - 1868
Keteke kwan fi Nice kɔ Monte Carlo.
Casino de Monte-Carlo - 1869
Monaco yi akatua so toɔ firi hɔ.
- 1872
Prussia to Germany kasino ahodoɔ mu.
Agorɔfoɔ ne nsɔhwɛ
- 1870 mfeɛ no mu
Labouchère ma popa nhyehyɛe no gye din wɔ London.
Labouchère roulette ɔkwan - bɛyɛ 1880Jagger ntwahonan
Joseph Jagger, Yorkshire ntoma adwumawura bi, maa wɔkyerɛw Monte Carlo ntwahonan no so nsɛm too hɔ na ɔtoo bɛt wɔ nɔma a ɛbaa mpɛn pii dodo no so. Ɔnyaa sika pii; kasino no sesaa ne ntwahonan no baabi, na akyire no ɔde afoforɔ sii wɔn ananmu.
Joseph Jagger: roulette ɔkwan a ɔfaa so wɔ Monte Carlo - 1891Ɔbarima a ɔfaa sikakorabea no nyinaa
Charles Wells maa ɛpono bi agorɔ sika sae mpɛn pii wɔ nna kakra mu, na ɛno nti wɔtoo music-hall dwom bi. Nhwehwɛmu anhunu nhyehyɛe biara, gye akwadworɔ nko ara, na akyire no, nnaadaa wɔ baabi foforɔ.
Ɔbarima a ɔfaa sikakorabea no nyinaa - 1900
Pearson de chi-square sɔhwɛ no ne Monte Carlo kyinhyia nsɛm tintim.
Chi-square sɔhwɛ - 1907
Franse ma kasino ahodoɔ kwan bio wɔ nsuo hyeɛ ne mpoano nkuro mu.
- 1913
Tuntum ntoatoasoɔ 26 wɔ Monte Carlo.
Sika agorɔfoɔ adwene mfomsoɔ - 1931
Nevada ma kasino sika agorɔ kwan.
Las Vegas roulette ntwahonan - 1940 mfeɛ no mu
Ulam ne von Neumann to Monte Carlo ɔkwan no din.
- 1953
Fleming, Casino Royale: Bond to bɛt wɔ dumienu kuo mmienu so wɔ roulette mu.
James Bond roulette ɔkwan - 1961
Thorp ne Shannon yɛ roulette kɔmputa a edi kan a wɔhyɛ wɔ nipadua so.
Afidie a wɔde hyɛ roulette nkɔm - 1965
Dubins ne Savage kyerɛ sɛ akokoɔduro agorɔ na ɛyɛ papa sene biara wɔ agorɔ a ɛnyɛ pɛ mu.
- 1969
Thorp nhwehwɛmu kyerɛkyerɛ deɛ enti a bɛt nhyehyɛe biara ntumi nni agorɔ a ne boɔ a wɔhwɛ kwan sua sene hwee so.
Gyidie hunu: roulette ɔkwan a ɛdi nkonim daa - 1977–81
Eudaemons no kɔmputa a wɔde sieeɛ wɔ Nevada: abɔti ase wɔ 1978, mpaboa mu wɔ 1981.
Eudaemons kuo no - 1985
Nevada bu nkɔmhyɛ afidie sɛ amumuyɛ. Bass tintim The Eudaemonic Pie.
Nnaadaa wɔ roulette mu
Ɛnnɛ agorɔ no
- Mfeha a ɛtɔ so 20Firi nsuo hyeɛ nkuro so kɔsi mfonini kyerɛ so
Roulette tuu kwan kɔɔ Las Vegas a wɔde hwee mmienu asan aba, na afei ɛkɔɔ intanɛt so RNG ɛpono so wɔ 1990 mfeɛ no mu ne studio ntwahonan a wɔde kyerɛ live wɔ 2000 mfeɛ no mu.
Yuropu roulette ne Amerika roulette - 1990 mfeɛ no mu
García-Pelayo abusua no de ntwahonan a ɛyɛ animhwɛ nya mfasoɔ wɔ Madrid nkyɛn; wɔbara wɔn; asɛnnibea dan bara no (2004).
Gonzalo García-Pelayo: ne roulette nhyehyɛe - 1996
Intanɛt so kasino a edi kan a ɛwɔ RNG roulette.
Live roulette ne RNG roulette - 2003–06
Live dila roulette fi studio ahodoɔ mu ba intanɛt so; Riga ne Malta bɛyɛ mfinimfini.
Sɛdeɛ live roulette yɛ adwuma - 2004
Ritz kuo no nya £1.3m denam bɔɔl no a wɔhyɛɛ ho nkɔm so; laser a wɔka sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ no, wɔanhunu da; wɔamfa wɔn ankɔ asɛnnibea.
Roulette mfasoɔ agorɔ - 2005
UK Gambling Act: tumi krataa a ɛkata intanɛt so sika agorɔ nyinaa so.
Roulette wɔ Engiresi - 2012
Small ne Tse tintim roulette nkɔmhyɛ ho nneɛma ho nhwehwɛmu (physics).
Roulette ntwahonan ho nyansahu - 2013
New Jersey hyɛ intanɛt so kasino a mmara hwɛ so ase.
Roulette wɔ Amerika - 2016
Hwee mmiɛnsa roulette wɔ Las Vegas Strip so.
Hwee mmiɛnsa roulette - 2018
Wɔtwa Amerika aban mmara a ɛbara agumadie so bɛt no mu; amantam biara yɛ ne mmara.
- 2021
Germany ne Netherlands ma intanɛt so kasino agorɔ tumi krataa.
Roulette wɔ Yuropu - 2026
Saa wɛbsaet yi: da biara a ɛwɔ soro hɔ, ne akontaabu no ka ho.
Asɛm baako a ɛho hia
Mfeɛha mmienu ne fa mu no, roulette odds sesaeɛ prɛko pɛ maa agorɔfoɔ no (1843, wɔyii hwee baako firii hɔ) na ɛsesaeɛ mprɛnu tiaa no (ɔkɔdeɛ no wɔ 1800 mfeɛ no mu, hwee mmiɛnsa no wɔ 2016). Nneɛma a aka no nyinaa, nhyehyɛe no, kɔmputa no, studio no, kanea no, wɔgyaa akontaabu no sɛdeɛ Lablée hunuu no: 36/n − 1 wɔ ntwahonan a ne tokuru dodoɔ boro saa nɔma no baako so.
Nsɛmmisa
Pascal deɛ no. Ntwahonan nhwehwɛmu no yɛ nokorɛ; nanso ne ne roulette ntam abusuabɔ no yɛ atetesɛm kɛkɛ.
Afeha a ɛtɔ so 19 no mu; Yuropu nhyehyɛe a wɔde di dwuma ɛnnɛ no, na ayɛ gyinapɛn dedaw wɔ Monte Carlo bere no mu.
Ebia mmara ho da bi. Ntwahonan no deɛ, wɔawie no.
Serew kakra
Mfeɛha mmienu ne fa, nkɔsoɔ baako, san akyire mprɛnu, nsɛm pii.
Nsɛm fibea
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.