Joseph Jagger: roulette ɔkwan a ɔfaa so wɔ Monte Carlo

Deɛ nkrataa no kyerɛ

Wɔwoo Joseph Hobson Jagger wɔ 2 Ɛbɔ 1830 wɔ Shelf, Bradford ne Halifax ntam. Ɔwaree Matilda Townend bere a na wadi mfeɛ aduonu na wɔwoo mma baanan. Ɔyɛɛ ntoma adwadie mu adwuma ne nkwa nna nyinaa: sɛ adekoradan mu adwumayɛfoɔ, sɛ ɔhokafoɔ wɔ adwumayɛbea bi a wɔsiesie ntoma ahoma mu, sɛ ntoma wiefoɔ wɔ Manchester. 1861 nnipakan no frɛ no asaawa ne ntoma ho adwumayɛfoɔ na ne nsamansiw a ɛfiri 1881 no frɛ no adeyɛfoɔ. Krataa biara mfrɛ no engineer. Saa asɛmfua no, ne “mechanic”, fi nwoma a ɛka Monte Carlo ho asɛm mu.

Wɔ Oforisuo 1860 mu, ne Manchester adwuma no bɔɔ ka, na London Gazette kyerɛw ne din too ɛkafoɔ a wɔntumi ntua wɔn ka a wɔbɛtie wɔn asɛm wɔ Lancaster Castle no mu. Na ne ba kumaa no adi mfeɛ mmienu. Ne abrabɔ kyerɛwfoɔ Anne Fletcher, ne nua babaa nananom mu baako ne abakɔsɛm nhwehwɛmufoɔ, hunuu saa amaneɛbɔ no na ɔhunuu sɛ abusua no da so retua ka mfeɛ dunum akyi. Wanhunu ka a ɔbɔeɛ wɔ 1880 anaa 1881, ɛwom sɛ atesɛm nkrataa pii aka sɛ ɛsiiɛ saa bere no deɛ.

Asɛm no sɛdeɛ wɔdii kan tintimii no

Nsɛm a edi kan ne Victor Bethell Monte Carlo Anecdotes and Systems of Play (1901). Bethell frɛ no “Jaggers”, Yorkshireni ne mechanic, na ɔmmɔ ne din a edi kan anaa afe biara. Wɔ ne nsɛm mu no, Jaggers faa akyerɛwfoɔ baasia, ɔmaa wɔtenaa ɛpono ahodoɔ ho kyerɛw nɔma biara da no nyinaa, na bosome baako akyi no, wahunu mmerɛyɛ bi wɔ ntwahonan biara mu. Ɔne ne mmarima no nyaa £120,000. Kasino no fii aseɛ tutuu ntwahonan no fii ɛpono baako so kɔɔ foforɔ so anadwo biara, na Jaggers de agyiraeɛ nketewa, baabi a wɔatwitwa anaa ahoma tɛtɛ bi a ɛwɔ ahosuo no mu, hunuu wɔn. Ɔhweree £40,000 wɔ nkonim sika no mu na ɔde bɛyɛ £80,000 kɔeɛ, a sɛ wode saa bere no 25 francs pound biara so bu a, ɛyɛ franc ɔpepem mmienu. Da baako pɛ a Bethell de ma ne sɛ eyi nyinaa sii “mfeɛ aduonu a atwam”.

Na Bethell kyerɛw mfeɛ aduonu akyi a asɛm no siiɛ, na ɔmmɔ adansefoɔ biara din. Fletcher hwehwɛɛ kuro no mu, ɔman no mu ne aman foforɔ so atesɛm nkrataa mu na wanhunu amaneɛbɔ biara a ɛfa nkonim no ho, na bere a n'agya kyerɛw kɔmaa kasino no, wɔka kyerɛɛ no sɛ wɔasɛe ne nkrataa a ɛfa saa bere no ho.

Sɛdeɛ asɛm no nyinii

Ɔkyerɛwfoɔ biara a ɔbaa akyire de biribi kaa ho, na nsɛm a wɔde kaa ho no na nnipa dodoɔ no ara nim.

Bere a na ɔwɔ hɔ

Fletcher de adansedie ɛnan kyerɛ sɛ ɔkɔɔ hɔ kan wɔ 1880 anaa 1881. Jagger din nni n'ankasa fie nnipakan a ɛfiri Oforisuo 1881 mu, baabi a wɔkyerɛw ne yere sɛ fiewura. Krataa bi a ɛfiri Ɔsanaa 1881 bɔ ne din wɔ 6 Greaves Street, Bradford, fie a ɔtɔɔ saa afe no, na wɔ Ahinime mu ɔyɛɛ nsamansiw a ɛyɛ onipa a ɔwɔ agyapadeɛ deɛ. Ɛtɔ so ɛnan no ne adeɛ baako pɛ a ɛda so wɔ hɔ, safoa a wɔde kaee asɛm bi wɔ adaka a wɔde kyɛ adeɛ mu, a abusua no kora. Nsɛm a wɔakyerɛw wɔ so no, a ɛfiri ne “nnamfonom ne wɔn a wɔkamfo no”, ka ne nkonim a ɔnyaa wɔ roulette mu tiaa Monte Carlo sika sie no “a ɛdii mfeɛ ɛnan”, na ɛkyerɛ 1 Kotonimma 1884.

Fletcher te ase sɛ ɔtenaa hɔ mpɛn pii bɛyɛ 1880 ne 1884 ntam, ɛnyɛ nnawɔtwe baako. Bere tenten a ɔde hwɛeɛ ne bere tenten a ɔde dii agorɔ no, wɔnkyerɛw to baabiara.

Wɔn a wɔne no kɔeɛ

Bethell akyerɛwfoɔ baasia no, biribiara nsi so dua, na Fletcher kyerɛ sɛ saa bere no na dan no mu wɔ roulette ɛpono ɛnan anaa enum pɛ. Abusua atetesɛm bi, a adamfo bi a ɔhunuu nkrataa a wɔasɛe no akyire yi kyerɛw too hɔ no, ka sɛ ne babarima panin Alfred ne no kɔeɛ. Fletcher de ne wɔfaase Oates Jagger, keteke kafoɔ, ka ho ɛfiri sɛ akyire yi ɔbɛyɛɛ ɔdefoɔ a obiara nnim ɔkwan a ɔfaa so; ɛno yɛ n'adwene. Abusua no fa foforɔ ka daa sɛ ɔne n'adwumayɛfoɔ panin na ɛkɔeɛ. Akwantuo no sika, wɔfiri abusuafoɔ nkyɛn na wɔbɔɔ bosea, na wɔbɔ wɔn mu baako, ne wɔfaase bi, din sɛ wɔatua no ka.

Deɛ kasino no yɛeɛ

Ha nso Bethell ne fiase a edi kan. Ɔka sɛ kasino no fii aseɛ tutuu ntwahonan no fii ɛpono baako so kɔɔ foforɔ so anadwo biara, na bere a ɛno anyɛ yie no, ɛsomaa obi kɔɔ Paris adwumakuo a ɛyɛ wɔn no nkyɛn. Adwumakuo no yɛɛ ntwahonan foforɔ a ne ntamu ban tumi tu, sɛdeɛ tokurunneɛma a wɔde diTokuruRotor no so tokuru 37 a nɔma wom no mu baako. Wɔfrɛ no nso slot, cup.Kenkan ne nyinaa → a ɛgyina hweentwahonanHweeTokuru ahabammono baako a sika pɛ bɛt, dumienu kuo bɛt anaa santen tee bɛt biara nkata so; kasino mfasoɔ fibea. Wɔfrɛ no nso hwee baako, 0.Kenkan ne nyinaa → anim ɛnnɛ betumi agyina baabi foforɔ ɔkyena. Polovtsoff, a na ɔdi International Sporting Club a ɛwɔ Monte Carlo no anim wɔ 1930 mfeɛ no mu no, ka saa ara: ntwahonan foforɔ a ne fa ahodoɔ tumi sesa, a wɔfrafra da biara. Wɔsesaa ntwahonan dada no, wɔansiesie wɔn.

Adansedie pii kyerɛ sɛ anɔpa biara wɔde spirit level hwɛ ntwahonan biara. Adolphe Smith hunuu sɛ wɔreyɛ saa bɛyɛ 1912, na Polovtsoff kyerɛkyerɛ mu wɔ 1937. Wɔn mu biara nka sɛ ɛfiri Jagger, na kasino krataa biara mfa saa nneɛma yi mu biara mmata ne ho.

Casino de Monte-CarloNtwahonan no ankasa susu

Sɛdeɛ ɛsɛ sɛ animhwɛ no kɛseɛ te

Joseph Jagger roulette ɔkwan no, sɛdeɛ asɛm no ka no, ne sɛ wobɛto bɛt wɔ nɔma a ntwahonan bi pɛ no so, na ɛno tua ka bere a ɛboro ahyeɛ bi so nko ara. Nɔma baako bɛtbɛtNɔma baako bɛtNɔma baako pɛ, ɛtua 35:1.Kenkan ne nyinaa → tua 35 tia 1, enti ɛsɛ sɛ nɔma bi di nkonim mpɛn pii sene prɛko pɛ wɔ kyinhyia 36 mu ansa na bɛt a wɔto wɔ so no de biribi aba. Wɔ hwee baako ntwahonan a ɛyɛ pɛ so no, ɛdi nkonim prɛko wɔ kyinhyia 37 mu.

Fa no sɛ akyerɛwfoɔ no kyerɛw ntwahonan baako nsunsuansoɔ bosome baako wɔ kyinhyia 500 da biara: kyinhyia 15,000. Nɔma a ɛyɛ pɛ bɛba bɛyɛ mpɛn 405, a ɛbɛtumi akɔ soro anaa aba fam 20. Nɔma a ɛbaa mpɛn 465 no bɛdi anim saa “soro anaa fam” no mmiɛnsa, na akwadwerɛ nko ara ntaa nyɛ saa. Saa nɔma no di nkonim bɛyɛ prɛko wɔ kyinhyia 32 mu, na bɛt a wɔto wɔ so no de 11.6% ba: agorɔ sikasikaAgorɔ sikaAdeɛ a ɛgyina hɔ ma sika dodoɔ bi a ɛnsesa, a wode to bɛt nhyehyɛe no so de to bɛt. Wɔfrɛ no nso check.Kenkan ne nyinaa → 36 san ba wɔ 32.3 biara a wɔde to bɛt mu. Bosome baako akontabuo a wɔde boasetɔ yɛ no dɔɔso sɛ wobɛhunu mfomsoɔ a ne kɛseɛ te saa, nanso ɛnnɔɔso sɛ wobɛhunu deɛ ɛsua koraa sene saa. Kyinhyia 500 da biara no yɛ nsusuiɛ a yɛde ama nkontaabu no; obiara ankyerɛw sɛdeɛ saa ɛpono no yɛɛ ntɛm too hɔ.

Nhwɛsoɔ dodoɔRoulette nɔma baako bɛt

Ɛno akyi

Jagger antɔ abansoro kɛseɛ. Wɔ 1881 mu, ɔtɔɔ 6 Greaves Street wɔ Little Horton, Bradford, na mfeɛ du a ɛdi so no mu bɛyɛ saa, sɛdeɛ Fletcher kan no, ɔtɔɔ adan a ɛtoatoa so aduasa mmienu ne nea ɛboro saa wɔ hɔ nkyɛn, a ɔde gyee ahatuo anaa abusuafoɔ tenaa mu. Ɔgye di sɛ ɔde sika no nkyɛmu mmiɛnsa mu baako maa mmarima baanu a wɔne no kɔeɛ no. Hwee nkyerɛ sɛ ɔbɔɔ nkonim no ho dawuro da. Ɔwuu wɔ 25 Greaves Street wɔ 25 Oforisuo 1892, bere a na wadi mfeɛ 61; owuo krataa no kyerɛ sɛ asikyire yadeɛ. Wɔsiee no wɔ Bethel Chapel wɔ Shelf, baabi a ɛbɛn faako a wɔwoo no. N'agyapadeɛ boɔ ankasa yɛ £1,710.

Nnwom no

Wɔtoo “The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo” kan wɔ 1892, afe a Jagger wuiɛ no, na ne abusua gye dii bere tenten sɛ ɛfa ne ho. Na ɛmfa ne ho. Fred Gilbert kyerɛw akyi a Charles Wells ntoatoasoɔ a ɛfiri 1891 a ɛhyɛɛ atesɛm nkrataa ma no siiɛ (hwɛ Ɔbarima a ɔfaa sikakorabea no nyinaa). Charles Kingston kaa asɛm korɔ no ara wɔ 1925: animuonyam no kɔɔ nnaadaafoɔ a ɔbaa Yorkshireni no akyi no so.

Nsɛmmisa