Akontaabu ɔkwan
Sɛdeɛ wɔyɛ nɔma biara a ɛwɔ saa wɛbsaet yi so, sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a obiara betumi asan ayɛ emu biara.
Nɔma nyinaa gyina Yuropu ntwahonan a ɛyɛ pɛ so: ntokuru 37 a hokwan yɛ pɛ, kyinhyia a ɛmfa hoakontaabuKyinhyia a ɛmfa hoKyinhyia biara hokwan yɛ pɛ sɛdeɛ deɛ atwam teɛ biara. Ɛno ne akontaabu biara a ɛwɔ wɛbsaet yi so nnyinasoɔ.Kenkan ne nyinaa →, akatuasikaAkatuaDeɛ bɛt a edi nkonim de ma, a wɔka no sɛ “X tia 1” ka bɛt sika a ɛsan ba no ho.Kenkan ne nyinaa → 36/n − 1, na la partagemmaraLa partageFranse mmara: sɛ hwee ba a, wɔsan de sika pɛ bɛt sika no fa ma. Ɛtew kasino mfasoɔ a ɛwɔ saa bɛt no so mu fa kɔ 1.35%.Kenkan ne nyinaa → nni mu gye sɛ wɔaka. Sɔhwɛ de nɔma afidie a wɔama no aseɛ di dwuma, na ɛka n’aseɛ ne nhwɛsoɔ dodoɔ.
Nɔma a nhyehyɛe tiawa ma
HokwanakontaabuHokwanHokwan a biribi bɛba, firi 0 kɔsi 1 anaa 0% kɔsi 100%. Nɔma baako: 1/37 = 2.70%.Kenkan ne nyinaa → = nɔma a ɛkata so / 37. Boɔ a wɔhwɛ kwanakontaabuBoɔ a wɔhwɛ kwanNsunsuansoɔ mfinimfini boɔ wɔ bɛt biara so wɔ bere tenten mu. Bɛt sika no −1/37 wɔ Yuropu bɛt biara a ɛyɛ daa deɛ so.Kenkan ne nyinaa → = −bɛt sika/37. NsakraeɛakontaabuNsakraeɛNsusuiɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛdeɛ nsɛm a ɛfiri mu ba no trɛ wɔ boɔ a wɔhwɛ kwan ho. Ɛso ma nɔma baako bɛt, ɛsua ma sika pɛ bɛt.Kenkan ne nyinaa → wɔ kyɛfasikaKyɛfaBɛt sika a ɛwɔ ase a nhyehyɛe anaa agorɔfoɔ de yɛ adwuma. Wɔka bɛt nsakraeɛ ntoatoasoɔ ho asɛm wɔ kyɛfa mu sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛfata ɛpono biara.Kenkan ne nyinaa → biara so = p·W² + (1 − p) − EV². Ntoatoasoɔ: (18/37)ᵏ. Asiane sɛ agorɔ dwetire bɛsaakontaabuAsiane sɛ agorɔ dwetire bɛsaHokwan a wobɛhwere agorɔ dwetire no nyinaa ansa na woadu botaeɛ anaa kyinhyia dodoɔ bi ho.Kenkan ne nyinaa →: gambler’s ruin nhyehyɛe a p = 18/37. Nhwɛsoɔ dodoɔ ho nkɔmhyɛ: normal approximation a ɛfa one-proportion sɔhwɛ ho a α = 0.05 wɔ ɔfa baako so ne tumi 80%.
Sɔhwɛ
Monte Carlo agorɔ bere de sika pɛ bɛtbɛtSika pɛ bɛtKɔkɔɔ/tuntum, ɛnkyɛ pɛ/ɛkyɛ pɛ, soro/fam. Nɔma 18, akatua 1:1.Kenkan ne nyinaa → a nkonim hokwan yɛ 18/37 di dwuma. Bɛt biara ntumi mmoro ɛpono ahyeɛɛponoƐpono ahyeɛBɛt sika ase koraa ne soro koraa a wɔma kwan. Ahyeɛ soro no na ɛsiw mmɔho mmienu bɛt nsakraeɛ ntoatoasoɔ.Kenkan ne nyinaa → ne agorɔ dwetiresikaAgorɔ dwetireSika a woayi asie nyinaa ama agorɔ. Agorɔ dwetire so hwɛ ne sɛ wobɛsi gyinaeɛ wɔ dodoɔ a wode bɛto asiane mu wɔ bɛt biara ne agorɔ bere biara mu.Kenkan ne nyinaa → a aka no; agorɔ bere ba awieeɛ wɔ kyinhyia dodoɔ no so anaa sɛ ɛdu hwee a. Bɛt nsakraeɛ ntoatoasoɔɔkwanBɛt nsakraeɛ ntoatoasoɔMmara biara a ɛsesa bɛt sika no gyina deɛ atwam so. Ntoatoasoɔ a ɛkɔ soro ahwereɛ akyi ma no kɔ soro ahwereɛ akyi, na deɛ ɛkɔ soro nkonim akyi ma no kɔ soro nkonim akyi.Kenkan ne nyinaa → mmara wɔ ɔkwan krataafa biara so. Wɔasi aseɛ nɔma no pintinn sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a nhyehyɛe biara bɛba korɔ no ara mprɛ biara a wobɛba; Agorɔ bere sɔhwɛ agorɔ no kyerɛ n’aseɛ nɔma sɛ agorɔ bere nɔma.
Akontaabu sɔhwɛ
Ntwahonan animhwɛ krataafa de Pearson chi-square sɔhwɛ a ɛhwɛ sɛ ɛhyia anaa, a ahofadie dodoɔnhwehwɛmu danAhofadie dodoɔBoɔ a ɛmfa ho dodoɔ a ɛwɔ akontaabu nsunsuansoɔ bi mu. Wɔ chi-square sɔhwɛ a ɛwɔ ntokuru 37 so no, ɛyɛ 36, ɛfiri sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ nkontaabu no nyinaa bom yɛ dodoɔ no nyinaa.Kenkan ne nyinaa → yɛ 36 di dwuma. p-boɔnhwehwɛmu danp-boɔHokwan a wobɛhunu nsonsonoeɛ a ɛso te sɛ deɛ wohunuu no anaa ɛboro saa, sɛ ntwahonan no yɛ pɛ a.Kenkan ne nyinaa → no firi regularized incomplete gamma function mu. ƆfantwahonanƆfaNtokuru a ɛtoa so wɔ ntwahonan no so, a ɛnyɛ kuo a ɛwɔ bɛt nhyehyɛe no so.Kenkan ne nyinaa → sɔhwɛ ka nsonsonoeɛ wɔ binomial gyinapɛn nsakraeɛakontaabuGyinapɛn nsakraeɛNsakraeɛ ntini; ntam kwan a ɛtaa da deɛ ɛfiri mu ba ne boɔ a wɔhwɛ kwan ntam.Kenkan ne nyinaa → mu a p = ntokurunneɛma a wɔde diTokuruRotor no so tokuru 37 a nɔma wom no mu baako. Wɔfrɛ no nso slot, cup.Kenkan ne nyinaa →/37.
Nɔma a wɔtwa so
Wɔkyerɛ ɔha nkyɛmu nɔma (percentage) wɔ nkyɛmu mmienu so, sika kɔsi sɛnt, na sɛ sika no yɛ dɔla mua a, wɔyi sɛnt no firi hɔ. Wɔntwa akontaabu a ɛda ntam no so.
Serew kakra
Nɔma biara a ɛwɔ ha, wobɛtumi asan abu, na ɛbɛba korɔ no ara.